Image Formats
High Efficiency Image Container
HEIC is the default photo format used by every iPhone and iPad since iOS 11 (2017). It produces files roughly 50% smaller than JPEG at comparable quality, which is why Apple adopted it. The catch: almost nothing outside the Apple ecosystem can open it.
Web Picture Format
WebP is Google's open-source image format, designed to replace JPEG and PNG on the web. It produces files 25–35% smaller than equivalent JPEG or PNG images, supports transparency, and is supported by all modern browsers. The gap is everywhere else: image editors, messaging apps, and desktop software lag behind.
AV1 Image File Format
AVIF is the newest widely-deployed image format, based on the AV1 video codec. It achieves 40–50% smaller file sizes than PNG and outperforms WebP by around 20% — at the cost of slower encoding and incomplete software support. It's the future of web images, but not yet universal.
Also useful